{"id":1519,"date":"2025-12-08T01:01:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T01:01:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/?p=1519"},"modified":"2025-12-08T01:58:58","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T01:58:58","slug":"led-examination-lamp-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/ru\/led-examination-lamp-6\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>The Complete Guide to LED Examination Lamps: Benefits, Features &amp; Selection<\/h1>\n<p>In the high-stakes world of medical and dental diagnostics, every detail matters. A subtle variation in tissue color, a faintly visible vein, or a minute crack in a tooth can be the difference between an early, successful intervention and a missed opportunity. Yet, one of the most fundamental tools for spotting these details is often taken for granted: the <a class=\"smart-interlink\" href=\"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/examination-light-7\/\" title=\"\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\">\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/a>. What if the very source of illumination meant to reveal problems was, in fact, a contributor to diagnostic uncertainty? For decades, practitioners relied on halogen and fluorescent lamps, accepting their limitations as the cost of doing business. Today, a technological revolution is illuminating examination rooms, operating theaters, and dental operatories, offering unprecedented clarity, efficiency, and comfort. This guide provides authoritative, experience-based information to help medical professionals, procurement officers, and clinic managers make a critical upgrade. Whether you are researching to <strong>purchase, compare, or simply understand<\/strong> the profound advantages of modern lighting, we will illuminate the core benefits, dissect the key technical features, provide practical selection criteria, and outline essential maintenance for the cornerstone of visual diagnosis: the <strong><a class=\"smart-interlink\" href=\"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/led-examination-lamp-7\/\" title=\"LED examination lamp\">LED examination lamp<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>Why LED Technology is Revolutionizing Medical Examination Lighting<\/h2>\n<p>The shift from traditional halogen bulbs to Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology is more than a simple bulb swap; it\u2019s a fundamental enhancement of the diagnostic environment. LEDs have moved beyond consumer electronics to become the gold standard in medical illumination, delivering tangible improvements in clinical outcomes, operational costs, and workplace ergonomics.<\/p>\n<h3>Superior Illumination Quality for Accurate Diagnostics<\/h3>\n<p>The primary purpose of an exam lamp is to enable the human eye to see with precision. LED technology excels in this by mastering the quality, not just the quantity, of light.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Color Rendering Index (CRI &gt;90):<\/strong> This is arguably the most critical metric. CRI measures a light source\u2019s ability to reveal the true colors of an object compared to natural daylight. A high CRI (90 and above is ideal for medical use) means tissues, blood, mucosa, and restorative materials are displayed in their authentic hues. This allows a physician to accurately distinguish between healthy and inflamed tissue, a dentist to perfectly match a composite shade, or a surgeon to identify a subtle bile duct. A low-CRI light can make healthy tissue appear pallid or mask the erythema of an infection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consistent Color Temperature:<\/strong> LED lamps provide stable, adjustable color temperatures, typically in the 4000K to 5500K range\u2014mimicking natural \u201cdaylight.\u201d This consistency eliminates the yellow-orange tint of halogens or the greenish cast of some fluorescents, reducing eye strain for the practitioner and ensuring visual assessments are standardized and reliable from one procedure to the next.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Unmatched Energy Efficiency &amp; Operational Cost Savings<\/h3>\n<p>The economic argument for LED examination lamps is compelling and immediate. Consider a typical 50-watt halogen head, which may draw 50W of power and last 1,000-2,000 hours. An equivalent or brighter LED head consumes 10-15W and boasts a lifespan of 50,000 hours or more.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Simple Cost-Saving Scenario for a Dental Practice:<\/strong><br \/>\nA 5-chair practice replaces five halogen units (150W total system draw each) with five LED units (30W total system draw each). Assuming 8 hours of daily use, 5 days a week:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Halogen Annual Energy Cost:<\/strong> (5 lamps * 150W * 8hrs * 5days * 52wks) \/ 1000 = 1,560 kWh. At $0.15\/kWh, that\u2019s <strong>$234\/year<\/strong> in electricity.<\/li>\n<li><strong>LED Annual Energy Cost:<\/strong> (5 lamps * 30W * 8hrs * 5days * 52wks) \/ 1000 = 312 kWh. Cost: <strong>$46.80\/year<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Annual Savings on Energy Alone:<\/strong> <strong>$187.20<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Now, add the elimination of halogen bulb replacements ($50-$150 per bulb, multiple times per lamp over 5 years) and the drastic reduction in downtime and maintenance labor. Over a 5-year period, the <strong>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (TCO)<\/strong> of the LED system is often lower, despite a higher initial purchase price.<\/p>\n<h3>Enhanced Safety and Patient Comfort<\/h3>\n<p>LEDs are a \u201ccool\u201d light technology. They emit light directionally with minimal radiant heat in the beam. This eliminates the risk of accidental burns to patients, especially in sensitive areas like the oral cavity during long procedures, and prevents discomfort from a hot lamp head near the face. Furthermore, high-quality LED drivers provide flicker-free illumination, which significantly reduces practitioner eye fatigue and headaches during extended periods of focused work. The absence of harmful UV and IR emissions also protects both patient and practitioner from unnecessary radiation exposure.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Features to Evaluate When Choosing an LED Exam Lamp<\/h2>\n<p>Not all LED examination lamps are created equal. Beyond the basic technology, the design and engineering of the lamp system determine its real-world performance.<\/p>\n<h3>Optical System &amp; Light Field Characteristics<\/h3>\n<p>The lamp head\u2019s optics are its \u201cbrain.\u201d Key characteristics include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Depth of Field &amp; Homogeneity:<\/strong> A superior lamp provides a wide, deep field of evenly distributed light without bright \u201chotspots\u201d or dim edges. This ensures consistent illumination whether you are examining a surface wound or working deep within a cavity, without constantly needing to refocus.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Shadow Reduction:<\/strong> Advanced reflector systems, such as multi-faceted or parabolic reflectors, are engineered to minimize the shadow cast by the practitioner\u2019s head or hands. Some systems use multiple LED arrays at different angles to essentially \u201cfill in\u201d shadows, a critical feature for procedures requiring unimpeded vision.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Focusability:<\/strong> The ability to smoothly adjust the beam from a wide flood to a concentrated spot is vital for adapting to different procedures, from a general exam to a focused minor surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Mechanical Design, Flexibility, and Durability<\/h3>\n<p>The lamp\u2019s \u201cbody\u201d must be as reliable as its light. This is where many cheaper models fail.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Articulation &amp; Counterbalance:<\/strong> Look for multi-jointed arms with a full range of motion (reach, rotation, tilt). The counterbalance mechanism\u2014whether spring, gas cylinder, or magnetic\u2014should allow for smooth, effortless, and stable positioning with a single touch, holding its place precisely without drift or sag.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Build Quality &amp; IP Rating:<\/strong> The lamp should withstand daily use, cleaning, and occasional impact. Materials should be high-grade metals and polymers. An <strong>Ingress Protection (IP) rating<\/strong> (e.g., IP24) is crucial. It indicates the fixture\u2019s resistance to dust and liquids, guiding safe cleaning and disinfection protocols without damaging internal electronics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Advanced Control Systems &amp; Ergonomics<\/h3>\n<p>Modern control systems enhance workflow and maintain sterility.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Touch &amp; Memory Controls:<\/strong> Touch-sensitive panels on the lamp head or a remote pendant allow for easy intensity adjustment. Memory buttons can recall pre-set light levels and positions for different procedures or practitioners.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sterile Interaction:<\/strong> For surgical environments, footswitches or touchless gesture controls enable adjustment without breaking the sterile field.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> Some high-end lamps offer integration with surgical microscopes, cameras, or room lighting systems, creating a seamless operational environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>How to Select the Right LED Lamp for Your Specific Practice (Experience-Based Guidance)<\/h2>\n<p>Choosing the right lamp requires matching its capabilities to your clinical demands and physical workspace.<\/p>\n<h3>Matching the Lamp to the Medical Specialty<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dentistry:<\/strong> The priority is <strong>intraoral illumination<\/strong>. Lamps need exceptional shadow reduction for work in deep posterior cavities, high CRI for shade matching, and often a specific \u201cthrough-the-mirror\u201d lighting angle. Cool light is non-negotiable for patient comfort.<\/li>\n<li><strong>General Practice\/ENT\/ Dermatology:<\/strong> Emphasis is on <strong>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0413\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0425\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b:<\/strong> \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 <strong>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0444\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/strong>. 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\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \/ \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438:<\/strong> \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: <strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 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\u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f\/\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430:<\/strong> \u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438: \u0411\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (TCO):<\/strong> \u0421\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0437\u0430 5-10 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ISO 13485:<\/strong> \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f FDA (\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 I):<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 CE (MDD\/MDR):<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043a\u0430.<br \/>\n\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f (3-5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f) \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442:<br \/>\n1.  <strong>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0442\u044c.<br \/>\n2.  <strong>\u0410\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0443\u044e, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439). \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u044b\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0443 \u2014 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043b\u0444\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443.<br \/>\n3.  <strong>\u041e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u044c.<br \/>\n4.  <strong>\u0422\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>**\u0417\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430:**<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\/\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u2014<strong>\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438.<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d:<\/strong> \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f):<\/strong> \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0448\u043d\u0443\u0440 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <strong>\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443.<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b (\u0427\u0417\u0412)<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u0421\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 (\u043d\u0430 60-80% \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (CRI) \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 (\u226590) \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u043b\u0438 \u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> 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