{"id":2734,"date":"2025-12-08T00:54:04","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T00:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/?p=2734"},"modified":"2025-12-08T00:54:04","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T00:54:04","slug":"how-to-avoid-shadows-in-pictures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/keling-surgicallight.com\/ru\/how-to-avoid-shadows-in-pictures\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0445"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>How to Avoid Shadows in Pictures: A Complete Lighting Guide for Flawless Photos<\/h1>\n<p>Have you ever taken what you thought was the perfect picture, only to find a harsh, distracting shadow ruining the shot? You&#8217;re not alone. Unwanted shadows are one of the most common frustrations in photography, whether you&#8217;re capturing a product for your online store, taking a portrait, or documenting a cherished moment. For over a decade in professional photography, I\u2019ve learned that mastering light isn&#8217;t just a technical skill\u2014it&#8217;s the primary tool for telling a visual story. This guide is crafted from that experience. We&#8217;ll move beyond theory and provide you with practical, actionable techniques to eliminate harsh shadows and achieve beautifully lit, professional-looking images every time. By the end, you&#8217;ll understand not just the &#8220;how,&#8221; but the &#8220;why&#8221; behind lighting, empowering you to solve shadow problems in any shooting scenario.<\/p>\n<h2>Understanding Light &amp; Shadow: The Core Principles<\/h2>\n<p>Before we fix shadows, we need to understand what causes them. At its simplest, a shadow is created when an object blocks a light source. But not all shadows are created equal. Their intensity, softness, and direction\u2014what makes them flattering or frustrating\u2014are controlled by three key factors. Grasping these principles is the first step toward taking control of your lighting.<\/p>\n<h3>The Size and Distance of Your Light Source<\/h3>\n<p>This is the single most important concept in controlling shadows. Think of the difference between the hard, sharp shadow you cast under the midday sun and the soft, barely-there shadow on a completely overcast day. The sun is huge, but because it\u2019s so far away, it acts as a small, <em>point<\/em> light source, creating hard shadows.<\/p>\n<p>The rule is: <strong>The larger and closer your light source is <em>relative to your subject<\/em>, the softer the shadows will be.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Small, Point Source:<\/strong> A camera flash, a bare lightbulb, or direct sunlight creates hard, defined shadows with sharp edges. These are often unflattering and distracting.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Large, Diffused Source:<\/strong> A cloudy sky, a large window with sheer curtains, or a professional softbox acts as a massive light source. The light wraps around the subject, softening shadows and creating gentle transitions from light to dark. To soften shadows, your goal is always to make your light source <em>bigger<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The Angle of Incidence<\/h3>\n<p>This describes the height and direction of your light. The lower the light source is to the subject, the longer the shadows it casts. A sunrise or sunset creates long, dramatic shadows. Conversely, overhead lighting\u2014like the noon sun or a ceiling light\u2014creates short, often unflattering shadows. In portraits, this causes &#8220;raccoon eyes&#8221; (deep shadows in eye sockets) and shadows under the nose and chin. For most subjects, positioning your light source slightly above and to the side of the subject (at a 30-45 degree angle) creates a natural, dimensional look.<\/p>\n<h3>Multiple Light Sources vs. A Single Point<\/h3>\n<p>Using one light almost guarantees shadows on the opposite side. The professional solution isn&#8217;t to remove that one light, but to <em>\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/em> those shadows by introducing additional light or reflective surfaces. A second light or a simple reflector &#8220;fills in&#8221; the shadows, reducing their depth and contrast without eliminating the sense of dimension that makes a photo feel real.<\/p>\n<h2>Practical Techniques to Eliminate Shadows in Your Pictures<\/h2>\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s apply that theory. Here are proven techniques you can use immediately, starting with free natural light solutions and moving to essential tools.<\/p>\n<h3>Harnessing Natural Light Like a Pro<\/h3>\n<p>You don&#8217;t need expensive gear to start taking shadow-free photos. The sun is your best free light source\u2014if you know how to use it.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Use a Window, Not Direct Sun:<\/strong> A large window is nature&#8217;s softbox. For the softest light, use a north-facing window (in the Northern Hemisphere) as it provides consistent, indirect daylight. Have your subject face the window. The light will be flattering and shadow-soft.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Employ the &#8220;Golden Hour&#8221;:<\/strong> Shoot during the hour after sunrise or before sunset. The sun is low in the sky, and its light is diffused by traveling through more of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere. This creates a soft, warm, and directional light that produces beautiful, long shadows that are part of the aesthetic, not a mistake.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DIY Diffusion for Harsh Sun:<\/strong> If you must shoot in direct sunlight, create a diffuser. Hang a white bed sheet, a translucent shower curtain, or a dedicated photography scrim between your subject and the sun. This turns the harsh, small sun into a massive, soft light source, instantly softening shadows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Essential Tools for Shadow Control<\/h3>\n<p>When you&#8217;re ready to step up your game, a few inexpensive tools offer incredible control.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diffusers:<\/strong> These are placed in front of your artificial light to enlarge and soften it. A <strong>softbox<\/strong> is a staple for a reason\u2014it creates beautiful, wraparound light. A <strong>shoot-through umbrella<\/strong> does a similar job and is highly portable. Even a simple <strong>5-in-1 reflector<\/strong> has a translucent diffuser panel that&#8217;s perfect for small setups.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reflectors:<\/strong> This is your secret weapon for filling shadows. By bouncing existing light (from a window or your main light) back onto your subject, you illuminate the dark side. White reflectors give a neutral fill, silver adds more punch, and gold adds warmth. No reflector? A piece of white poster board, foam core, or even a large white piece of paper works perfectly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fill Lights:<\/strong> This is a secondary, less powerful light source dedicated solely to illuminating shadows created by your main &#8220;key&#8221; light. It doesn&#8217;t have to be fancy\u2014a simple LED panel or even a second speedlight set to a lower power can act as your fill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>The &#8220;Bounce Flash&#8221; Technique for On-Camera Flash<\/h3>\n<p>The built-in flash on your camera is a recipe for harsh shadows, red-eye, and unflattering light. The instant fix is <strong>bounce flash<\/strong>. If your flash head can tilt or swivel, angle it upwards towards a white ceiling or sideways onto a light-colored wall. This turns that entire surface into a giant, soft light source. The light rains down or wraps around your subject, creating soft, natural-looking illumination that virtually eliminates the harsh shadows and &#8220;deer-in-headlights&#8221; look of direct flash.<\/p>\n<h2>Advanced Setup: Building a Simple Shadow-Free Lighting Studio<\/h2>\n<p>For consistent, professional results\u2014ideal for product photography, YouTube videos, or portrait headshots\u2014a controlled, repeatable setup is best. Here\u2019s how to build one.<\/p>\n<h3>The Two-Light Setup with Diffusers<\/h3>\n<p>This is a fantastic starting point for a home studio. Position two identical softboxes (or lamps with diffusion) at 45-degree angles on either side of your camera, pointing at your subject. This creates balanced, even light that fills shadows from the opposite source. It\u2019s particularly effective for flat lays, product shots, and interview-style videos where a clean, shadow-minimized look is desired.<\/p>\n<h3>Implementing Three-Point Lighting<\/h3>\n<p>This classic studio setup provides full dimensional control and is the gold standard for portraiture and video. It uses three lights:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Key Light:<\/strong> Your main, strongest light (always with a diffuser like a softbox), placed at a 30-45 degree angle to the subject. This establishes the primary light pattern and casts the main shadows.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fill Light:<\/strong> Positioned on the opposite side of the camera from the key light. It is softer and less powerful (often achieved by using a larger diffuser, moving it further away, or lowering its power). Its sole job is to gently fill in the shadows created by the key light, controlling the contrast.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Back Light (or Hair Light):<\/strong> Placed behind and above the subject, pointing towards their back\/head. This light separates the subject from the background by creating a subtle rim of light around their edges, adding depth and polish. It further reduces the flatness that can sometimes come from aggressive shadow filling.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>The Ultimate Shadow Killer: Light Tents for Small Products<\/h3>\n<p>If you photograph small objects for e-commerce, a <strong>\u041b\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u043a\u0443\u0431<\/strong> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0441) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u044c \u0438 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\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b <strong>\u00ab\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f\u00bb<\/strong> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <strong>\u0438 \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb<\/strong> \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044f\u044f, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u0445<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u043c \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0443 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430) \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0451\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> 1) \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435. 2) \u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0443. 3) \u041f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438: \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044a\u0451\u043c\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 (\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b!), \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0443, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0451\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u041e:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c <em>\u0432\u0441\u0435<\/em> \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b <em>\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u0438 <em>\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044f\u0433\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/em> \u0438\u0445. \u041c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0451\u043c, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c <em>\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435<\/em> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <em>\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/em> \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412: \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f 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